Azolla is a genus of aquatic ferns, mainly found in tropical and warm temperate regions. Mar 14, 2016 how to make compost faster and know when its ready. Optimation of nitrogen and phosphorus in azolla growth as. Recently, it has become very popular in china, indonesia, philippines, india and bangladesh. As the same time, azolla contains phosphorus, potassium, ferrous, copper, magnesium, bio active substances and it is this property that makes azolla a perfect organic fertilizer. Production of liquid bio fertilizer by using azotobacter. Liquid bio fertilizers break through in bio fertilizer technology popular kheti issn. Two azolla species, azolla filiculoides and azolla pinnata, were used as feedstock for the production of a range of functional hydrocarbons through hydrothermal liquefaction, bio hydrogen and bio ethanol. Biofertilizer can be an important component of integrated nutrients management.
Application of immature rice straw compost, azolla, and. Azolla microphylla, anabaena azolae, bio fertilizer, protein content published at. Azollaanabaena as a biofertilizer for rice paddy fields. A national biofertilizer development centre was established at ghaziabad to promote the training program related to the promotion of biofertilizer in india. Apply p to maximize azolla growth and to get quick coverage and weed suppression. Azolla fronds consist of sporophyte with a floating rhizome and small overlapping bilobed leaves and roots. Biofertilizers are considered as a low cost, effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement chemical fertilizers boraste et al. Project report on biofertilizer manufacturing process. The niku bio research laboratory was established in the year 1997 at pune. The specific experimental steps of this technology is explained in fig.
A biofertilizer also biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. The initial name signifies nnatural, iinput, kcomplete and uutilization. This mobilized potash is easily available to the plants. Rice crop response studies with azolla biofertilizer in the peoples republic in china and in vietnam have provided good evidence that azolla incorporation into the soil as a green manure crop is one of the most effective ways of. Given the high annual productivity of azolla, hydrothermal liquefaction can lead to the theoretical production of 20. Microbialbased fertilizer is a vital part of sustainable agricultural practices bloemberg et al.
Experimental studies were carried out in the glass house, investigating the growth of azolla using different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the media. Azolla is a freefloating water fern that floats in water and fixes atmospheric nitrogen in association with nitrogen fixing blue green alga anabaena azollae. Duckweed and azolla are loaded with protein, which means. Azolla is known as a small water fern which can fix nitrogen through the symbiotic association with the blue green algae anabaena. In this article we will discuss about the production of various bio fertilizers. Azolla reduces water evaporation rate from the irrigated rice field. Bio fertilizers are considered as a low cost, effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement chemical fertilizers boraste et al. It can be observed in quiet waters, ponds, ditches, canals and paddy fields. Benefits from using bio fertilizers increase crop yield by 2030%. In this context, the book entitled azolla biofertilizer. Azolla includes 2530 percent of protein, essential amino acids, vitamins vitamin a, vitamin b12 and beta carotene, calcium and iron minerals.
A national bio fertilizer development centre was established at ghaziabad to promote the training program related to the promotion of bio fertilizer in india. Azolla biofertilizer for rice crop 90 nitrogenfixing blue green algae 92 acidtolerant cyanobacteria 94 n 2. Mass cultivation of azolla microplots 20m 2 are prepared in nurseries in which sufficient water 510 cm is added. The use of bio fertilizers leads to improved nutrients and water uptake, plant. Potash mobilizer bio fertilizers is a bio fertilizer made of pure cultures of naturally occurring soilborne potash solubilizing bacterium. Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements needed by plants for their growth and azollas high nitrogen content makes it an ideal biofertilizer although nitrogen is abundant in the earths atmosphere, few plants are able to assimilate nitrogen directly from the atmosphere and most plants obtain their nitrogen from complex compounds in the soil. However, chemical fertilizers cause pollution of water bodies as well as ground water, besides getting stored in crop plants. Production of liquid bio fertilizer by using azotobacter species and their effect on plant growth.
Dosage of liquid bio fertilizers in different crops. Vimal chandra pandey, vijai singh, in phytomanagement of polluted sites, 2019. Phosphate solubilizing microorganismspsm several soil bacteria and fungi, notably species of pseudomonas, bacillus, penicillium, aspergillus etc. With the development, the land area under farming is not increasing but is further decreasing, this has. Microorganisms that are commonly used as biofertilizer components include. Thus azolla can be considered as potential unconventional feed for livestock. Biofertilizer is wellknown as a promising, costeffective, ecofriendly, renewable source of plant nutrients for supplementing chemical fertilizers kannaiyan, 2002 as well as being helpful for the remediation of polluted soils. Bio fertilizer azospirillum biofertilizer manufacturer. A touch of azolla technology innovation on local wisdom of incorporating immature rice straw compost was expected to able to contribute to the improvement of soil fertility and rice production. Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements needed by plants for their growth and azolla s high nitrogen content makes it an ideal biofertilizer although nitrogen is abundant in the earths atmosphere, few plants are able to assimilate nitrogen directly from the atmosphere and most plants obtain their nitrogen from complex compounds in the soil. The technology has got potential to provide an additional income from the sale of algal biofertilizer. Jan 06, 2017 yield azolla produces around 810 tonnes of green mass which is equal to 2530 kg n2 which is again equal to 5566 kg of urea.
The larger plant is some kind of native duckweed the tiny lightgreen plants are another type, and the frilly darkgreen plants are azolla. With daybyday increasing the population, especially in developing countries like india, the stress on agriculture is also increasing continuously. Azollas incredible ability to double its biomass every couple of days and fix nitrogen has meant that asian farmers have been already using it alongside their crops as a fertilizer for millennia. Cultivation and use azolla as nutritive feed supplement for the livestock. Yield azolla produces around 810 tonnes of green mass which is equal to 2530 kg n2 which is again equal to 5566 kg of urea.
For good growth of azolla, 420 kg p 2 o 5 ha is also amended. The complete technology book on biofertilizers and organic farming. Production of liquid bio fertilizer by using azotobacter species and their effect on plant growth sumanto prasad barat1, abhishek gupta2, dharmendra singh2, arpita srivastav2, summit kumar srivastav1, ravi kumar2, pooja singh2, nikhat firdous2 and neelam soni2 1vinoba bhave university j. Microbialbased fertilizer is a vital part of sustainable. A total of six species of azolla are known so far viz. Azolla has enormous potential as a biofertilizer due to the large amount of nitrogen that it provides for all types of crops. In a study on the effects of freeliving bluegreen algae tolypothrix tenuis, aulosira fertilissima, nostoc sp. The significance of azolla as biofertilizer in rice field was realized in vietnam. The quality of final product would be as per standards laid down and acceptable to the market.
Bio fertilizer azospirillum biofertilizer manufacturer from. Download biofertilizer technology by r a sharma pdf online. Biofertilizers play an important role in improving soil fertility and boosting crop yields. It is traditionally used as bio fertilizer 56, livestock feed 7 and nutritional supplement 8. It may be considered favorably for human consumption 2, because of its nutritive value and ease of cultivation 34. This research was conducted at farmers fields during the dry season from march to july.
Azolla is a smallleaf floating fern, which contains an endosymbiotic community living in the dorsal lobe cavity of the leaves. As the same time, azolla contains phosphorus, potassium, ferrous, copper, magnesium, bioactive substances and it is this property that makes azolla a perfect organic fertilizer. Widely cultivated in the asian regions, azolla is either incorporated into the soil before rice transplanting or grown as a dual crop along with rice. In addition to its traditional cultivation as a biofertilizer for wetland paddy due to its ability to fix nitrogen, azolla is finding increasing use for sustainable production of livestock feed. Liquid biofertilizers break through in biofertilizer technology popular kheti issn. Use azolla and duckweed as fertilizer in your garden. Two azolla species, azolla filiculoides and azolla pinnata, were used as feedstock for the production of a range of functional hydrocarbons through hydrothermal liquefaction, biohydrogen and bioethanol. Pdf azolla biofertilizer for improving low nitrogen use. Azolla biofertilizer for rice crop 90 nitrogenfixing blue green algae 92 acidtolerant cyanobacteria 94 n 2fixing stemnodulating sesbania biofertilizer for rice 96 sesbania as biofertilizer for rice 100.
Biofertilizers azolla biosystems ltdazolla biosystems ltd. Azolla is an excellent aquatic green manure plant, and was until recently used extensively in vietnam, china and other parts of asia in rice paddies, where it would cover the surface of the water in the paddy and outcompete weeds while the rice grew, fixing nitrogen and contributing fertility as it went. Biofertilizer biofertilizer azolla azolla is an aquatic heterosporous fern which contains an endophytic cyanobacterium, anabaena azollae, in its leaf cavity. It is widely used in the far east as a nitrogen biofertilizer in rice production increasing rice yields by more than to 50% and the practice is also becoming common in africa and south america. Though azolla biofertilizer technology is simple, economical and ecofriendly, it has not been fully exploited due to the lack of awareness of the potential benefits from azolla biofertilizer. Azolla cultivation guide rich proteins feed for cattle. Jul 16, 2010 azolla s incredible ability to double its biomass every couple of days and fix nitrogen has meant that asian farmers have been already using it alongside their crops as a fertilizer for millennia. Biomass and protein content azolla cultivation, when compared with other grassesfodders. Singh, at crri has done an outstanding work on mass cultivation of azolla and its use as biofertilizer in rice and other crop fields. The use of biofertilizers leads to improved nutrients and water uptake, plant. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing. Azolla biofertilizer for improving low nitrogen use efficiency in an intensive rice cropping system article pdf available in field crops research november 2017 with 1,744 reads. Azolla is used as biofertilizer for wetland rice and it is known to contribute 4060 kg nha per rice crop.
Biofertilizer is a substance which contains microorganisms, when applied to the field, colonizes the plant rhizosphere or enters into the plant vascular system and promotes growth, by increasing the micro nutrients availability to the plant. The growth of azolla is typically reduced above 35 o c and no species can survive if temperatures remain above 45 o c for prolonged periods of time. For azolla cultivation required less amount of investment hence it is a lowcost alternative for good feed and good biofertilizer. The natural organic nitrogen provided by the bio fertilizers to the agro ecosystem do not pose any health risk to humans which is being seriously apprehended by the use of chemical and synthetic inorganic nitrogen. Bio fertilizers based on renewable energy source are cost effective, eco friendly and can help to economize on the high investment needed for chemical fertilizer 7. Further experiment is suggested to introduce azolla as bio fertilizer for acid water system, such as peat land water. Chemical fertilizers are being used in increasing amounts in order to increase output in high yielding varieties of crop plants.
Algalization technology 446 future perspectives 449 conclusions 450 chapter 18. Oct 16, 20 bio fertilizers based on renewable energy source are cost effective, eco friendly and can help to economize on the high investment needed for chemical fertilizer 7. Fresh azolla biomass in inoculated in the rice field 23weeks before transplanting as green manure. Introduction this profile proposes to set up a bio fertilizer unit in a small scale sector with simpler technology and semi automatic kind of plant set up.
How to make compost faster and know when its ready. Azolla is a floating pteridophyte, which contains as endosymbiont the nitrogenfixing cyanobacterium anabaena azollae nostocaceae family. Azolla water fern as proteinrich animal feed milkwood. Such areas may be seasonally covered by a mat of azolla associated with other freefloating plants such as species of lemna, pistia, salvinia, trapa, wolffia and mud rooting.
Aquatic plant azolla as the universal feedstock for biofuel. When used as supplemental feed in dairy, it helped to increase the milk yield. Dec 10, 2016 azolla reduces water evaporation rate from the irrigated rice field. Annual production of bio mass mtha dry matter mtha protein content % kolakattao grass. Azolla plants are polygonal or triangular in shape lumpkin and plucknett 1980. The azolla bio fertilizer can be applied in 3 ways in rice field method 1. Azolla is also able to tolerant a wide range of temperatures and some species can survive in temperatures as low as 5 o c. The important factor in using azolla as biofertilizer for rice crop is its quick decomposition in the soil. Azolla as feed supplement for cattle, poultry, pig, fish etc. Potash mobilizer bio fertilizers is a biofertilizer made of pure cultures of naturally occurring soilborne potash solubilizing bacterium. Nutritional composition of four different species of azolla.
Add p fertilizer every 810 days to maximize growth. Profitable small business ideas in india biofertilizers are defined a. Azolla fixes nitrogen it is an excellent source of nitrogen also it to his high nutrient value. Endomycorrhizal technology in different propagation systems 300. To examine the feasibility of its use in flooded rice fields sited in the temperate european areas, we.
Microorganisms that are commonly used as bio fertilizer components include. It is traditionally used as biofertilizer 56, livestock feed 7 and nutritional supplement 8. Azollaanabaena as a biofertilizer for rice paddy fields in. The sporophytes consist of twolobed leaves and rhizomes. Rice growing areas in south east asia and other third world countries have recently been evincing increased interest in. Azolla is one genus of interest which grows in a symbiotic association with the bluegreen alga, anabaena azollae. Taro planting plant the huli after the azolla forms a complete mat over. Inoculation rate use 100 lb of azolla for every sq ft of taro loi field pond surface area. Azolla farming step by step and health benefits hubpages. A biofertilizer also bio fertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Azolla microphyla, bioorganic fertilizer, phonska and urea.